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Beijing Great Wall and Ming Tombs – Travel and flights info
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Beijing Great Wall and Ming Tombs – Travel and flights info
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This article is about the Beijing Great Wall and Ming Tombs travel. You can find some useful information in it if you are booking your Beijing flights now. (you can get more New York,Los Angeles,San Francisco, Chicago flights and airfares info at Travel2ChinaInfo Dot COM)
Badaling Great Wall:
You can take the Line 919 bus to the Badaling Great Wall in Deshengmen. The cost is 12 rmb. This bus takes the high way and it only takes 50 minutes for the trip. “He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.” Lots of travellers choose the Great Wall as the first priority for the Beijing travel. Usually, the Great Wall travel will take you 3 or 4 hours. If you wanna see the Ming Tombs too, there are some tips.
How to get to the Ming Tombs from the Badaling Great Wall?
There is a Line 919 bus (slow bus) station near the Zantianyou museum. This is the best place to take the bus to the Ming Tombs. Don’t take the yellow “Yinjian” bus. It is the unlicensed vehicle. The green and white bus is the real licensed city bus of Beijing. I once took a yellow “Yinjian” bus. They charged me 10 rmb (from Badaling Great Wall to Changpingxiguan) when I get on. I waited in the bus for half a hour and they were still waiting for other travellers in the bus station. I was getting angry and the driver finally started the engine. But they didn’t want to leave the Badaling Great Wall and the bus was still running in the Badaling Great Wall area. Maybe they were still waiting for more travellers to get on the bus. This is very common in China. These drivers are working for the private bus companies and they will not leave the bus station unless they get enough bus fares. I didn’t want to waste my time waiting in the bus and asked them to give my money back. They then dropped in another bus station. The station is about 20 minutes walk from the place I got on the bus! I had to walk back to the previous bus station. When I got on the real Line 919 bus, the bus fare is only 2 rmb (from Badaling Great Wall to Changpingxiguan).This is a horrible experience for me.(you can get more New York,Los Angeles,San Francisco, Chicago flights and airfares info at Travel2ChinaInfo Dot COM)
When you get off the Line 919 bus, there are 2 options to get to the Ming Tombs: (1). go east to the Zhengfujie Street and take the Line 314 bus or Changping Line 22 bus in the Changpingxiguan station. (2). go north to the Minghuanggong station and take the Line 22 bus. It is about 20 minutes drive from the Changpingxiguan station to the Ming Tombs. You will see the Shenlu in the way to the Ming Tombs.
In the slack season (11/01 to 03/31 of next year), the cost is: 40 rmb for Dingling Tomb, 30 rmb for Changling Tomb, 20 rmb for Zhaoling Tomb, 20 rmb for Shendao. In the peak season (04/01 to 10/31), the cost is: 60 rmb for Dingling Tomb, 45 rmb for Changling Tomb, 30 rmb for Zhaoling Tomb, 30 rmb for Shendao.(you can get more New York,Los Angeles,San Francisco, Chicago flights and airfares info at Travel2ChinaInfo Dot COM)
How to get back to Beijing from the Ming Tombs?
There are 2 options: (1). Take the Line 314 bus to the bus station named “Changpingdongguan”, then transfer to the Line 345 bus. The Line 345 bus can take you to the Deshenmeng West bus station. (2). Take the Line 22 bus to the station named “Chengpingxiguan”, then transfer to the Line 919 bus. The Line 919 bus can take you to the Deshengmen bus station.
By Shane Lee. Date: 07/15/2009.
Copyright belongs to Travel2ChinaInfo Dot COM . You can find more information about New York,Los Angeles,San Francisco, Chicago flights and airfares from our web site.
NOTE: Permission is granted by the copyright owner to disseminate this article in whole or in part provided credit is given to the author (with a link to the article’s source URL Travel2ChinaInfo Dot COM ) and this NOTE is not removed.
About the author:Shane Lee.More flights,airfares info at:cheap flights,non-stop flights,direct flights,china travel.And:airlines with non-stop flights san diego to florida.And:cheapest flights from san diego to minneapolis may 14.
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San Diego Wall Murals
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San Diego Wall Murals
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Wall murals have been used since ancient times. This is seen with almost all civilizations like the Egyptian, Indian, Greek and Roman. Popular murals of the ancient days are the murals of Buddhist monks and by Michelangelo during the renaissance period. Using mural our ancestors were able to convey a meaning. This very meaning has today been used by the advertising community to propagate information to the masses. The walls murals are the precursor to the modern day bill board advertising seen today.
Wall murals advertising can be both indoor as well as outdoors. They are normally targeted at a large audience or customer base. Walls murals are always are an original piece of work created by the artist taking the ideas from the customer. These murals are normally very bright, quiet huge and in many cases ideas are out of the box. Some wall murals are targeted at specific audience like in the case of graffiti art whose target is the urban adventurous.
Wall murals have that magical ability to light up a room, or an entire building, and make it more than the sum of its walls. Murals have the ability to capture the life in the building, and in humanity, and funnel it into the entirety of the building. If this was the only thing that murals did, they would be worth the cost and effort. But it really is not. The benefits of wall murals just keep coming. First, it becomes less of a pressing issue to wash the falls of mars and accumulated dirt. Furthermore, the mural itself distracts from other aspects of the room that may not be as inviting – such as an old protruding pipe or a dilapidated chair. Most of all, though, wall mural have the ability to put something in the room that wasn’t there before – they have the ability to make would-be limits that are walls into endless potential. Whether it is the skyline of San Diego or the scene at a street cart at the turn of the century, the wall mural gives the walls the ability to invite customers into an endless expansive of imaginative potential.
Today many a business owner is using wall murals to promote their business. This is done both on the exterior walls of their office or in their interiors. Fabric wall murals are also available and custom designed. These are usually printed but are a cost effective way to promote ones company.
It is really that ability – the ability to make potential out of defined limits – that make wall murals so great. And it is that potential that has convinced us that wall murals are worth promoting. Without the wall murals, many a trade show would have been a dank, confusing, dark place. If you want to bring life, potential, and beauty to a room, there is nothing better to do than to create potential out of the objects that define the confines and limits of your room. It is also very inspiring to think that someone had hand printed a picture for you!
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David Hay is the owner of 858 GRAPHICS in San Diego, California. 858 Graphics designs, builds, prints and installs almost any type of graphics. We specialiezes in Trade Show Displays, Wall Murals, Poster Printing and Outdoor Signs.
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EXTERIOR WALL FINISHES FOR TALL BUILDINGS
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Home Page > Home Improvement > Construction > EXTERIOR WALL FINISHES FOR TALL BUILDINGS
EXTERIOR WALL FINISHES FOR TALL BUILDINGS
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Posted: Nov 05, 2010 | Views: 138 |
EXTERIOR WALL FINISHES FOR TALL BUILDINGS
Exterior wall finishes for tall buildings are a very important part of the building. They are responsible for giving the building its uniqueness among other factors such as shape.
They are also very critical in determining the building safety in times of disasters such as earthquakes.
For example, the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake in San Francisco, U.S.A where 5 people were killed when the brick facade collapsed on the side walk.
In Kenya, we have witnessed the collapse of the Sunbeam Supermarket canopy in 1996 resulting to several deaths.
During a conference on building structures held at Grand Regency hotel, Nairobi in the year 2006, the current Permanent Secretary in the Ministry of Roads, Engineer M.S.M Kamau gave a speech on the role of Structural Engineering in Buildings. He noted that most people assumed that the role of Structural Engineers in Buildings was only limited to the building frame and structure which should not be the case. He said that Structural Engineers have a role to play until final completion of buildings including finishes and gave an example of external wall finishes. He explained that to the layman, external wall finishes such as wall tiles look simple to fix but to the structural engineer, they mean that their self-weight should be taken into consideration and the mechanism of holding the tiles to place carefully structurally analyzed to ensure that they do not fall on passersby below and cause injuries.
He explained that a single tile could be weighing up to 5 kgs of which if not fastened to the wall adequately using the required strength, this could cause serious injuries to passersby below.
The tiles above are quite heavy and if not structurally designed by a qualified structural engineer to hold in place, can fall on an unsuspecting pedestrian below.
CERAMIC TILES.
Ceramic tiles of various sizes are used to clad the exterior of tall buildings.
As stated above, it’s important that all building industry consultants including structural engineers get involved in the decision to use ceramic tiles on the exterior walls.
Large tiles which are heavier require care infixing to avoid them falling down and casing injuries.
The most used adhesive in Kenya that sticks these tiles to the walls is cement slurry-regularly termed as ‘wet-set’.
Other adhesives are available such as ‘thin-set’. This is a mixture of cement, sand and a chemical called methylcellulose. Methylcellulose holds water allowing the tile to be laid dry.
Organic adhesives.
These are manufactured by Construction chemical manufactures, mostly paint manufacturers and come in pails. These are pre-mixed and come with manufacturer’s instructions on use.
This building above, which used to be the famous Luthuli Fish and Chips and currently a shopping mall, has ceramic tiles wall finishes in the lobby area.
This building below-Corner House, considered to be the mid-point / centre of Nairobi CBD in Valuation profession circles also has ceramic tile exterior wall finishes.
The ceramic tiles are the small type. This type poses a minimum risk in injury if a tile falls off since the tile is small and light-weight. This is also easy to repair since only a small portion of tile can fall off at a time compared to a wide sized tile.
GRANITE AND MARBLE TILES
These are quite expensive compared to ceramic tiles. The advantage is in the aesthetics. Granite and Marble looks very appealing to the eye. Granite and Marble tiles also require little or no maintenance since these are naturally occurring.
The building above, located along Kenyatta Avenue has Granite tile wall cladding.
The main difference between Granite and Marble is the appearance. Granite is mostly gray in color and contains tiny specs and dots due to its igneous formation when hot lava cools off.
Marble appears in several colors and shades with colored streaks showing the sediments in the initial rock formation.
PAINT ON CEMENT SCREED PLASTER
This method is relatively lower in cost compared to Ceramic, Granite and Marble tiling.
A good example is the KENCOM building along Moi Avenue.
This method requires minimal maintenance, only the periodic painting. Painting on such surfaces requires specialized expertise in terms of supporting structures for the painters to stand on.
The advantage is that its easy for the building owner to easily change the color in case of rebranding as opposed to tile finishes.
COLOURED TEXTURED CEMENT PLASTER
This type of wall finish makes it easy to have a combination of colors and textures on a facade.
A good example is the Emperor Plaza building along Koinange Street.
Its quite costly compared to paint on cement plaster and ceramic tiles.
Textured cement comes in various textures.
Some paint manufacturers also offer a similar type of rough textured exterior paint.
PATTERNED REINFORCED CONCRETE
This type of exterior finish gives a unique appearance.
Such an example is K.I.C.C. Building and the Hilton hotel.
The ballast component in the reinforced concrete is carefully selected to the right size so as to leave the ballast-dotted outward finish.
HAND-DRESSED MASONRY WALLING
This type of finish is common in the buildings constructed in the early 1900s.
Currently, very few new buildings have this type of finish. This is because hand-dressing masonry stone takes alot of time and hence expensive in terms of labour costs. Most of these buildings were built during the colonial period whereby labour was virtually free since the colonies could have the natives work at little or no pay.
This type of finish is long lasting as can be attested by Kipande House, which has stood the test of the test of time.
Currently, there is availability of polished natural stone tiles in the market such as the tiles on the walls of the former U.S.A Embassy at Moi Avenue.
BRICK CLADDING
This type of finish is very long lasting, requires little or no maintenance and very cost =effective.
Such an example is the Stanbic Bank House along Kenyatta Avenue.
This type of finish gives the building a unique and natural feel.
GLASS
Glass facades make a building look modern. This type of all finish is cost-effective in that it acts as a building element [wall] and at the same time acts as the wall finish.
Disadvantage is mainly due to letting in heat and glare from the sun. This problem is usually solved by using a tinted toughened thick glass and adding window film to its surface.
CONCLUSION
There are many types of wall finishes for tall buildings available in the market locally and internationally. It’s up to the owner of the building to liaise with their Architect ,Structural Engineer, Quantity Surveyor and other relevant professionals in their Building Design team to choose the most appropriate wall finish.
Francis Gichuhi Kamau
Architect.
www.a4architect.com
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About the Author:
Francis Gichuhi Kamau
Architect.
www.a4architect.com
+254721410684
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